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WikiPedia Information About TuscanyInformation from the WikiPedia.Com Website for Tuscany/_TheTownGuide/Index_Layout_Leaders_wiki_Process.xsl {{Otheruses}} {{Infobox Region of Italy Name = Tuscany Italian_name = Toscana region_coa = Coat of arms of Tuscany.svg coa_size = map = Map Region of Toscana.svg flag = Flag of Tuscany.svg flag_link = capital = Florence area = 22990 area_source = area_rank = 5th area_percent = 7ǒ population = 3701243 pop_rank = 9th pop_percent = 6ǎ pop_ref = pop_date = 2008-09-30 population_demonym = Tuscan citizenship_it = 93% citizenship_ref = [http://demo.istat.it/str2007/query&# 46php?lingua=ita&Rip=S3&Reg=R09&Pro=P000&Com=&paese=A9999&submit=Tavola Statistiche demografiche ISTAT] citizenship_2_title = Albanian citizenship_2_info = 2% citizenship_3_title = Romanian citizenship_3_info = 1% provinces = GDP = 99Ǎ GDP_year = 2006 GDP_percent = Website = [http://www.regione.toscana.it/ www.regione.toscana.it] leader_title = leader = Claudio Martini leader_party = Democratic Party (Italy) ruling_party1 = ruling_party2 = NUTS = ITC iso region = }} '''Tuscany''' ({{lang-it '''Toscana'''}}, {{IPA-it tos'ka(?)na pron}}) is a Regions of Italy region in Central Italy. It has an area of {{convert 22990 km2 sqmi}} and a population of about 3ǒ million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence. Tuscany is known for its beautiful landscapes, its rich artistic legacy and vast influence on high culture. Tuscany is widely regarded as the true birthplace of the Italian Renaissance, and has been home to some of the most influential people in history, such as Petrarch, Dante, Botticelli, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, Amerigo Vespucci and Puccini. Due to this, the region has several museums, most of which (such as the Uffizi and the Pitti Palace) are found in Florence, but others in towns and smaller villages. Tuscany has a unique culinary tradition, and is famous for its wines (most famous of which are Chianti, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Morellino di Scansano and Brunello di Montalcino). Six Tuscan localities have been designated World Heritage Sites: the historical center of Florence (1982), the historical center of Siena (1995), the square of the Cathedral of Pisa (1987), the historical center of San Gimignano (1990), the historical center of Pienza (1996) and the Val d'Orcia (2004). Furthermore, Tuscany has over 120 protected nature reserves. This makes Tuscany and its capital city Florence very popular tourist destinations, attracting millions of tourists every year. Florence itself receives an average of 10 million tourists a year by placing the city as one of the most visited in the world (in 2007, the city became the world's 46th most visited city, with over 1뙻 million arrivals).http ://www.euromonitor.com/Top_150_City_Destinations_London_Leads_the_Way Geographythumb left Hilly landscape in Val d'Orcia. Roughly triangular in shape and situated between the northern part of the Tyrrhenian Sea and the central Apennine Mountains Apennines, Tuscany has an area of approximately {{km2 to mi2 22993 wiki=yes abbrev=no}}. Surrounded and crossed by major mountain chains, and with few (but very fertile) plains, the region has a relief that is dominated by hilly country. Whereas mountains cover 25% of the total area{{mdash}}{{km2 to mi2 5770}}, and plains a mere 8ǐ% of the total area, almost all coinciding with the valley of the Arno River, summing for {{km2 to mi2 1930 }},{{mdash}} overall hills make up two-thirds (66Ǒ%) of the region's total area, covering {{km2 to mi2 15292}}. The climate, which is fairly mild in the coastal areas, is harsher and rainy in the interior, with considerable fluctuations in temperature between winter and summer{{plainlinks http://circa.eu ropa.eu/irc/dsis/regportraits/info/data/en/ite1_geo.htm TOSCANA - Geography and history}} Text finalised in March 2004 - Eurostat giving the region a soil building active freeze-thaw cycle in part accounting for the region once having served as a key breadbasket of Roman Republic ancient RomeMilitary (Discovery network) Channel documentary series: "Rome: Power and Glory", episode title: "The Grasp of an Empire", copyright unknown, rebroadcast 11-12:00 hrs EDST, 2009-06-29. HistoryHistory of Tuscany}} Appennini and Villanovan cultures.Apennine culture Villanovan culture}} The pre-Etruscan history of the area in the late Bronze Age Bronze and Iron Ages parallels that of the early Ancient Greece Greeks.{{Harvnb Barker 2000 p=5}} The Tuscan area was inhabited by peoples of the so-called Apennine culture in the late second millennium BC (roughly 13501150 BC) who had trading relationships with the Minoan civilization Minoan and Mycenaean Greece Mycenaean civilisations in the Aegean Sea. Following this, the Villanovan culture (1100700 BC) saw Tuscany, and the rest of Etruria, taken over by chiefdoms. City-states developed in the late Villanovan (paralleling Greece and the Aegean) before "Orientalization" occurred and the Etruscan civilisation rose. EtruscansEtruscan civilization}} File:Chimera di Arezzo.jpg thumb right The ''Chimera of Arezzo'', Etruscan bronze, 400 BC. The Etruscan civilisation Etruscans were the first major civilization in this region; large enough to lay down a transport infrastructure, implement agriculture and mining, and produced vibrant art.{{Harvnb Jones 2005 p=2}} The Etruscans lived in Etruria well into prehistory. The civilisation grew to fill the area between the Arno River and Tiber River from the eighth century, reaching their peak during the seventh century BC and sixth century BC, finally succumbing to the Ancient Rome Romans by the first century.{{Harvnb Barker 2000 p=1}} Throughout their existence, they lost territory (in Campania) to Magna Graecia, Carthage and Celts. Despite being seen as distinct in its manners and customs by contemporary Greeks,{{Harvnb Barker 2000 p=4}} the cultures of Ancient Greeks Greece, and later Rome, influenced the civilisation to a great extent. One reason for its eventual demise was this increasing absorption by surrounding cultures, including the adoption of the Etruscan upper class by the Romans. RomansIn the sixth century, the Longobards arrived and designated Lucca the capital of their Duchy of Tuscia. The medieval periodthumb right Palazzo Vecchio in Florence. {{See also March of Tuscany}} Pilgrims travelling along the Via Francigena between Rome and France brought wealth and development during the medieval period. The food and shelter required by these travellers fuelled the growth of communities around churches and taverns. The conflict between the Guelphs and Ghibellines, factions supporting the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in central and northern Italy during the 12th and 13th centuries, split the Tuscan people. These two factors gave rise to several powerful and rich medieval communes in Tuscany: Arezzo, Florence, Lucca, Pisa, and Siena. Balance between these communes were ensured by the assets they held; Pisa, a port; Siena, banking; and Lucca, banking and silk.{{Harvnb Jones 2005 p=3}} By the renaissance, however, Florence had become the cultural capital of Tuscany. Another family that befitted from Florence's growing wealth and power were the ruling Medici Family. Lorenzo de' Medici was one of the most famous and the benefits of his time are still being observed today in the fantastic art and architecture in Florence today. One of his of famous descendants Caterina (Catharine) de Medici married Prince Henry of France. The RenaissanceItalian Renaissance}} Tuscany, especially Florence, is regarded as the birthplace of the Renaissance. Though "Tuscany" remained a linguistic, cultural and geographic conception, rather than a political reality, in the 15th century, Florence extended dominion in Tuscany through the annexion of Arezzo in 1384, the purchase of Pisa in 1405 and the suppression of a local resistance there (1406). Livorno was bought in as well (1421). In the leading city of Florence, the republic was from 1434 onward dominated by the increasingly monarchical Medici family. Initially, under Cosimo de' Medici Cosimo, Piero di Cosimo de' Medici Piero the Gouty, Lorenzo de' Medici Lorenzo and Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici Piero the Unfortunate, the forms of the republic were retained and the Medici ruled without a title, usually without even a formal office. These rulers presided over the Florentine Renaissance. There was a return to the republic from 1494 to 1512, when first Girolamo Savonarola then Piero Soderini oversaw the state. Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici retook the city with Spanish forces in 1512, before going to Rome to become Pope Leo X. Florence was dominated by a series of papal proxies until 1527 when the citizens declared the republic again, only to have it taken from them again in 1530 after a siege by an Imperial and Spanish army. At this point Pope Clement VII and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V appointed Alessandro de' Medici as the first formally hereditary ruler. The Sienese commune was not incorporated into Tuscany until 1555, and during the 15th century Siena enjoyed a cultural 'Sienese Renaissance' with its own more conservative character. Lucca remained an independent Republic until 1847 when it became part of Grand Duchy of Tuscany by the will of its people. Piombino was another minor independent state, under both Spanish and Tuscan influence. Modern EraGrand Duchy of Tuscany}} In the 1400s, the Medicis, who ruled Florence, annexed surrounding land to create modern Tuscany. The War of Polish Succession in the 1730s meant the transfer of Grand Duchy of Tuscany Tuscany from the Medicis to Francis, Duke of Lorraine and Holy Roman Emperor. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire by Napoleon, Tuscany was inherited by the Austrian Empire as successor to the Holy Roman Empire. In the Italian Wars of Independence in the 1850s, Tuscany was transferred from Austria to the newly unified nation of Italy. Under Benito Mussolini the area came under the dominance of local National Fascist Party leader Dino Perrone Compagni. Following the fall of Mussolini and the re-establishment of the Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946) Kingdom of Italy, the Italian Social Republic was established in the northern regions of Italy, with its ''de facto'' border at the Gothic Line, a defensive position just north of Florence. Following the end of the Social Republic, and the transition from a Kingdom to the modern Italy Italian Republic, Tuscany once more flourished as a cultural center of Italy. Culturedate=December 2009}} Tuscany has an immense cultural and artistic heritage, expressed in the region's numerous churches, palaces, art galleries, museums, villages and piazzas. Much of these artifacts are found in the main cities, such as Florence and Siena, but also in smaller villages scattered around the region, such as San Gimignano. Artleft thumb 115px Michelangelo's David Tuscany has a unique artistic legacy, and Florence is one of the world's most important artistic centres, even so that it is often nicknamed the "art capital of Italy" (the city is also believed to have the largest concentration of Renaissance art and architecture in the world)http://travelguide.affordablet ours.com/search/Article/guide/19/. Painters such as Cimabue and Giotto di Bondone Giotto, the fathers of Italian painting, lived in Florence and Tuscany as well as Arnolfo and Andrea Pisano, renewers of architecture and sculpture; Filippo Brunelleschi Brunelleschi, Donatello and Masaccio, forefathers of the Renaissance, Ghiberti and the Della Robbias, Filippo Lippi and Angelico; Botticelli, Paolo Uccello and the universal genius of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.Art in Florence http://www.learne r.org/interactives/renaissance/florence_sub2.htmlRenaissance Artists http://librar y.thinkquest.org/2838/artgal.htm The region contains numerous museums and art galleries, most of which store some of the world's most precious and valuable works of art. Such museums include the Uffizi, which keeps Botticelli's Birth of Venus, the Pitti Palace, and the Bargello, to name but a few. But most of the frescos, sculptures and paintings in Tuscany are also held in the region's abundant churches and cathedrals, such as Florence Cathedral, Siena Cathedral, Pisa Cathedral and the Collegiata di San Gimignano. Art Schoolsright 200px thumb A painting from the Sienese school. {{Main Florentine school Sienese school Lucchese School}} In medieval period and in the Renaissance, there were four main Tuscan art schools which competed against each other: the Florentine School, the Sienese School, the Pisan School and the Lucchese School. *The Florentine School originated from refers to artists in, from or influenced by the Naturalism (art) naturalistic style developed in the 14th century, largely through the efforts of Giotto di Bondone, and in the 15th century the leading school of the world. Some of the best known artists of the Florentine School are Brunelleschi, Donatello, Michelangelo, Fra Angelico, Botticelli, Filippo Lippi Lippi, Masolino da Panicale Masolino, and Masaccio. *The Sienese School of painting flourished in Siena between the 13th and 15th centuries and for a time rivaled Florence, though it was more conservative, being inclined towards the decorative beauty and elegant grace of late Gothic art. Its most important representatives include Duccio, whose work shows Byzantine influence; his pupil Simone Martini; Pietro Lorenzetti Pietro and Ambrogio Lorenzetti; Domenico di Bartolo Domenico and Taddeo di Bartolo; Stefano di Giovanni Sassetta and Matteo di Giovanni. Unlike the naturalistic Florentine School Florentine art, there is a mystical streak in Sienese art{{Who date=October 2007}}, characterized by a common focus on miraculous events, with less attention to proportions, distortions of time and place, and often dreamlike coloration. In the 16th century the Mannerists Domenico di Pace Beccafumi Beccafumi and Il Sodoma worked there. While Baldassare Peruzzi was born and trained in Siena, his major works and style reflect his long career in Rome. The economic and political decline of Siena by the 1500s, and its eventual subjugation by Florence, largely checked the development of Sienese painting, although it also meant that a good proportion of Sienese works in churches and public buildings were not discarded or destroyed by new paintings or rebuilding. Siena remains a remarkably well-preserved Italian late-Medieval town. *The Lucchese School, also known as the School of Lucca and as the Pisan-Lucchese School, was a school of painting and sculpture that flourished in the 11th and 12th centuries in western and southern part of the region, with an important center in Volterra. The art is mostly anonymous. Although not as elegant or delicate as the Florentine School, Lucchese works are remarkable for their monumentality. =Main artistic centresthumb 200px right Arezzo File:Florence at Night.JPG thumb 200px right Florence File:Leaning tower of pisa 2.jpg thumb 200px right Pisa File:San Gimignano.JPG thumb 200px right San Gimignano File:Siena-view.jpg thumb 200px right Siena File:Anfiteatro.gif thumb 200px right Lucca In the province of Arezzo: *Arezzo *Castiglion Fiorentino *Cortona *Lucignano *Poppi *Sansepolcro In the province of Florence: *Florence *Fiesole *Certaldo In the Province of Grosseto: *Grosseto *Massa Marittima *Orbetello *Pitigliano *Roselle *Sorano *Sovana In the province of Livorno: *Campiglia Marittima *Livorno *Piombino *Populonia *Suvereto In the province of Lucca: *Barga *Castelnuovo di Garfagnana *Castiglione di Garfagnana *Lucca *Pietrasanta *Viareggio *Villa Basilica In the province of Massa-Carrara: *Massa-Carrara *Pontremoli *Fivizzano In the province of Pisa: *Pisa *San Miniato *Volterra *Vicopisano In the province of Prato: *Carmignano *Poggio a Caiano *Prato In the province of Pistoia: *Pescia *Pistoia In the province of Siena: *Colle di Val d'Elsa *Pienza *Montepulciano *Montalcino *San Gimignano *Siena LanguageTuscan dialect}} Apart from standard Italian language Italian, the most spoken language in Tuscany is the 'Tuscan dialect' (''lingua toscana''), or the '''Tuscan dialect''' (''dialetto toscano''). In many respects it wandered less than other Romance dialects from the Latin language and evolved linearly and homogeneously, without major influences from other foreign languages.{{Citation needed date=December 2008}} There are currently 3Ǒ million speakers of the language. Italian language Italian is in practice a "literary version" of Tuscan. It became the language of culture for all the people of Italy,http ://www.lifeinitaly.com/italian/language-history.asp thanks to the prestige of the masterpieces of Dante Alighieri, Francesco Petrarca, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli and Francesco Guicciardini. It would later become the official language of all the Historical states of Italy Italian states and of the Kingdom of Italy, when it was formed.http://w ww.babylon.com/definition/Tuscan_dialect/English Musicthumb left Giacomo Puccini {{Main Music of Tuscany}} {{See also Music of Florence}} Tuscany has a rich ancient and modern musical tradition, and has boasted numerous composers and musicians, such as Giacomo Puccini, and Pietro Mascagni. Beyond Florence, the other nine other provinces in the region of Tuscany, named for the largest city in, and capital of, the respective province. Taken together, they offer an intense musical life. Florence is the main musical centre of Tuscany. The city was at the heart of much of our entire Western musical tradition. It was there that the Florentine Camerata convened in the mid-1500s and experimented with setting tales of Greek mythology to music and staging the resultin other words, the first operas, setting the wheels in motion not just for the further development of the operatic form, but for later developments of separate "classical" forms such as the symphony. There are numerous musical centres in Tuscany. Arezzo is indelibly connected with the name of Guido d'Arezzo, the 11th-century monk who invented modern musical notation and the do-re-mi system of naming notes of the scale; Lucca hosted possibly the greatest Italian composer of Romanticism, Giacomo Puccinim and Siena is well-known for the Accademia Musicale Chigiana, an organization that currently sponsors major musical activities such as the Siena Music Week and the Alfredo Casella International Composition Competition. Other important musical centres in Tuscany include Lucca, Pisa and Grosseto. Literaturethumb right Tuscan poet and literary figure Petrarch. Tuscany has a renowned literature, and has boasted several famous writers and poets, most notably Florentine author Dante. Tuscany's literary scene particularly thrived in the 13th century and the Renaissance. In Tuscany, especially in the Middle Ages, popular love poetry existed. A school of imitators of the Sicilians was led by Dante da Majano, but its literary originality took another line that of humorous and satirical poetry. The entirely democratic form of government created a style of poetry which stood strongly against the medieval mystic and chivalrous style. Devout invocation of God or of a lady came from the cloister and the castle; in the streets of the cities everything that had gone before was treated with ridicule or biting sarcasm. Folgore da San Gimignano laughs when in his sonnets he tells a party of Sienese youths the occupations of every month in the year, or when he teaches a party of Florentine lads the pleasures of every day in the week. Cenne della Chitarra laughs when he parodies Folgore's sonnets. The sonnets of Rustico di Filippo are half-fun and half-satire, as is the work of Cecco Angiolieri of Siena, the oldest humorist we know, a far-off precursor of François Rabelais Rabelais and Michel de Montaigne Montaigne. Another kind of poetry also began in Tuscany. Guittone d'Arezzo made art quit chivalry and Provençal forms for national motives and Latin forms. He attempted political poetry, and, although his work is often obscure, he prepared the way for the Bolognese school. Bologna was the city of science, and philosophy philosophical poetry appeared there. Guido Guinizelli was the poet after the new fashion of the art. In his work the ideas of chivalry are changed and enlarged. Only those whose heart is pure can be blessed with true love, regardless of class. He refuted the traditional credo of courtly love, for which love is a subtle philosophy only a few chosen knights and princesses could grasp. Love is blind to blasons but not to a good heart when it finds one: when it succeeds it is the result of the spiritual, not physical affinity between teo souls. Guinizzelli's democratic view can be better understood in the light of the greater equality and freedom enjoyed by the city-states of the center-north and the rise of a middle class eager to legitimise itself in the eyes of the old nobility, still regarded with respect and admiration but in fact dispossessed of its political power. Guinizelli's ''canzone Canzoni'' make up the bible of Dolce Stil Novo, and one in particular, "Al cor gentil" ("To a Kind Heart") is considered the manifesto of the new movement which will bloom in Florence under Cavalcanti, Dante and their followers. His poetry has some of the faults of the school of d'Arezzo. Nevertheless, he marks a great development in the history of Italian art, especially because of his close connection with Dante's lyric poetry. In the 13th century, there were several major allegory allegorical poems. One of these is by Brunetto Latini, who was a close friend of Dante. His ''Tesoretto'' is a short poem, in seven-syllable verses, rhyming in couplets, in which the author professes to be lost in a wilderness and to meet with a lady, who represents Nature, from whom he receives much instruction. We see here the vision, the allegory, the instruction with a moral object, three elements which we shall find again in the ''Divine Comedy''. Francesco da Barberino, a learned lawyer who was secretary to bishops, a judge, and a notary public notary, wrote two little allegorical poems, the ''Documenti d'amore'' and ''Del reggimento e dei costumi delle donne''. The poems today are generally studied not as literature, but for historical context. A fourth allegorical work was the ''Intelligenza'', which is sometimes attributed to Compagni, but is probably only a translation of French poems. In the 15th century, humanist and publisher Aldus Manutius published Tuscan poets Petrarch and Dante Alighieri (''The Divine Comedy''), creating the model for what became a standard for modern Italian. Cuisinethumb left White truffle Simplicity is central to the Italian cuisine Tuscan cuisine. Legumes, bread, cheese, vegetables, mushrooms and fresh fruit are used. Olive oil is made from Moraiolo, Leccino, and Frantoiano olives. White truffles from San Miniato appear in October and November. Beef of the highest quality comes from the Chiana Valley, specifically a breed known as Maremma used for Florentine steak. Pork is also produced.Piras, 221-239.{{Clarify date=January 2010}} Postage stampsright thumb upright 4 crazie stamp from 1851 {{Main Postage stamps and postal history of Tuscany}} Between 1851 and 1860, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, an independent Italian state until 1859 when it joined the United Provinces of Central Italy, produced two postage stamp issues which are among the most prized classic stamp issues of the world, and include the most valuable Italian stamp. The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was an independent Italian state from 1569 to 1859, but was occupied by France from 1808 to 1814. The Duchy comprised most of the present area of Tuscany, and its capital was Florence. In December 1859, the Grand Duchy officially ceased to exist, being joined to the Duchies of Duchy of Modena Modena and Duchy of Parma Parma to form the United Provinces of Central Italy, which was annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia a few months later in March 1860. In 1862 it became part of Italy, and joined the Italian postal system. Economythumb right Vineyards in the Chianti region. The subsoil in Tuscany is relatively rich in mineral resources, with iron ore, copper, mercury and lignite mines, the famous soffioni (fumarole) at Larderello and the vast marble mines in Versilia. Although its share is falling all the time, agriculture still contributes to the region's economy. In the region's inland areas cereals, potatoes, olives and grapes (for the world-famous Chianti wines) are grown. The swamplands, which used to be marshy, now produce vegetables, rice, tobacco, beets and sunflowers The industrial sector is dominated by mining, given the abundance of underground resources. Also of some note are the textiles, chemicals/pharmaceuticals, metalworking and steel, glass and ceramics, clothing and printing/publishing sectors. Smaller areas specialising in manufacturing and craft industries are found in the hinterland: the leather and footwear area in the south-west part of the province of Florence, the hot-house plant area in Pistoia, the ceramics and textile industries in the Prato area, scooters and motorcycles in Pontedera, and the processing of timber for the manufacture of wooden furniture in the Cascina area. The heavy industries (mining, steel and mechanical engineering) are concentrated along the coastal strip (Livorno and Pisa areas), where there are also important chemical industries. Also of note are the marble (Carrara area) and paper industries (Lucca area). Almost without exception, every town and city in Tuscany has considerable natural and architectural beauty. There is a continuous stream of visitors throughout the year. As a result, the services and distributive activities that are so important to the region's economy are particularly wide-ranging and highly organised. Demographicstype = footnote = Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica ISTAT 2001 1861 1920000 1871 2124000 1881 2187000 1901 2503000 1911 2670000 1921 2810000 1931 2914000 1936 2978000 1951 3159000 1961 3286000 1971 3473000 1981 3581000 1991 3530000 2001 3498000 2008 (Est.) 3701000}} The population density of Tuscany, with 161 inhabitants per km² in 2008, is below the national average (198ǔ inhabitants per km²). This is due mainly to the low population density of the provinces of Arezzo, Siena and, above all, Grosseto (50 inhabitants per km²). The highest density is found in the province of Prato (675 inhabitants per km²) followed by the provinces of Pistoia, Livorno, Florence and Lucca, peaking in the cities of Florence (more than 3,500 per km²), Livorno, Prato, Viareggio, Forte dei Marmi and Montecatini Terme (all with a population density of more than 1,000 inhabitants per km²). The territorial distribution of the population is closely linked to the socio-cultural and, more recently, economic and industrial development of Tuscany. Accordingly, the least densely populated areas are those where the main activity is agriculture, unlike the others where, despite the presence of a number of large industrial complexes, the main activities are connected with tourism and associated services, alongside a plethora of small firms in the leather, glass, paper and clothing sectors. Starting from the 1980s, the region attracted an intense flux of immigrants, in particular from China. There is also a significant community of British people British and Names for U.S. citizens American residents. As of 2008, the Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated that 275,149 foreign-born immigrants live in Tuscany, equal to 7ǐ% of the total regional population. Government and politicsPolitics of Tuscany}} Tuscany is a stronghold of the center-left Democratic Party (Italy) Democratic Party, forming with Emilia-Romagna, Umbria and Marche the famous Italian political "Red Quadrilateral". At the Italian general election, 2008 April 2008 elections, Tuscany gave more than 50% of its votes to Walter Veltroni, and only 33ǒ% to Silvio Berlusconi.{{it icon}}[http://www.repubblica .it/speciale/2008/elezioni/camera/toscana.html La Repubblica, speciale elezioni 2008] {{it icon}} [http://www.repubblica.it/speciale/2008/elezioni/senato/toscana.html La Repubblica, speciale elezioni 2008] Administrative divisionsimage=Tuscany Provinces Blank.png width={{{width 250}}} float={{{float none}}}}} {{Image label small x=0ሲ y=0ማ scale={{{width 250}}} text=Province of Firenze Firenze}} {{Image label small x=0ቅ y=0ሥ scale={{{width 250}}} text=Province of Arezzo Arezzo}} {{Image label small x=0ሯ y=0ቍ scale={{{width 250}}} text=Province of Grosseto Grosseto}} {{Image label small x=0ሹ y=0ሹ scale={{{width 250}}} text=Province of Siena Siena}} {{Image label small x=0Ǐ y=0ሹ scale={{{width 250}}} text=Province of Livorno Livorno}} {{Image label small x=0ǐ y=0Ǒ scale={{{width 250}}} text=Province of Pisa Pisa}} {{Image label small x=0ሓ y=0ሎ scale={{{width 250}}} text=Province of Lucca Lucca}} {{Image label small x=0ሥ y=0ሓ scale={{{width 250}}} text=Province of Pistoia PT}} {{Image label small x=0ር y=0ሑ scale={{{width 250}}} text=Province of Prato PO}} {{Image label small x=0Ǎ y=0Ǎ scale={{{width 250}}} text=Province of Massa-Carrara MassaCarrara}} {{Image label end}} { class="wikitable centered" ! style="background:#CCCCFF" Province ! style="background:#CCCCFF" Area (km²) ! style="background:#CCCCFF" Population ! style="background:#CCCCFF" Density (inh./km²) - Province of Arezzo 3,232 345,547 106Ǖ - Province of Florence 3,514 983,073 279ǔ - Province of Grosseto 4,504 225,142 50nj - Province of Livorno 1,218 340딳 279Ǒ - Province of Lucca 1,773 389,495 219Ǔ - Province of Massa-Carrara 1,157 203땱 175ǔ - Province of Pisa 2,448 409,251 167ǎ - Province of Pistoia 965 289,886 300ǐ - Province of Prato 365 246,307 674ǔ - Province of Siena 3,281 268,706 81Ǖ - } See alsoCities and towns in Tuscany * :Category:People from Tuscany People from Tuscany * Line of succession to the Tuscan throne * Tuscan Archipelago FootnotesReferencessurname1=Barker given1=Graeme surname2=Rasmussen given2=Tom year=2000 title=The Etruscans place=Malden, MA publisher=Blackwell id=ISBN 0-631-22038-0 u rl=http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0631220380&id=00WT_S6r9OkC}} * {{Citation surname=Jones given=Emma year=2005 title=Adventure Guide Tuscany & Umbria place=Edison, NJ publisher=Hunter id=ISBN 1-58843-399-4 url=http://books.google.com/books ?vid=ISBN1588433994&id=8tKUyygkvjsC}} {{refend}} External linksTuscany}} * {{wikitravel}} * {{it icon}}[http://www.regione.toscana.it/ Regione Toscana (Official page)] * [http://www.toscanaechiantinews.com/EN/default.aspx Toscana & Chianti news] * [http://www.borghiditoscana.net/eng/index.html Borghi di Toscana] * [http:/ /www.experienceplus.com/reading_room/travel _stories/tuscany_an_introduction_to_the_history_and_geogra.html History and Geography of Tuscany - essay by Rick Price] * {{1913CE Tuscany}} {{Tuscany}} {{Regions of Italy}} Category:Tuscany Category:Regions of Italy Category:Wine regions of Italy Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union af:Toskane ar:?????? ? an:Toscana roa-rup:Toscana frp:Toscana zh-m in-nan:Toscana be-x-old:??????? bcl:Tuscany bs :Toskana br:Toskana bg:??????? ca:Toscana cv: ??????? cs:Toskánsko co:Toscana cy:Toscana da :Toscana de:Toskana et:Toscana el:??s???? eml :Tuschèna es:Toscana eo:Toskanio eu:Toskana f a:??????? fr:Toscane fy:Toskane fur:Toscane ga:An Tuscáin gl:Toscana ko:???? ? hr:Toskana i o:Toskania id:Toscana ia:Toscana os:??????ĉ i s:Toskana it:Toscana he:?????? jv:Toscana pam :Tuscany ka:??????? kw:Toscana sw:Toscana ku: Toscana lad:Toskana la:Tuscia lv:Toskana lb:T oskana lt:Toskana lij:Toscann-a lmo:Toscana h u:Toszkána mk:??????? nl:Toscane ja:?????? no :Toscana nn:Toscana oc:Toscana pms:Toscan-a p l:Toskania pt:Toscana ro:Toscana qu:Toscana r u:??????? scn:Tuscana simple:Tuscany sk:Toskán sko sl:Toskana sr:??????? sh:Toskana fi:Tosca na sv:Toscana roa-tara:Toscana th:???????????? tr:Toskana uk:??????? ur:?????? vec:Toscana vi:Toscana war:Toscana zh:???? |
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